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Liu Qi (Liu Biao's son)
Liu Qi (died 209) was the oldest son of the warlord Liu Biao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He provided reinforcements and refuge for Liu Bei when the latter was fleeing from Cao Cao's forces after the Battle of Changban, and assisted Liu Bei and Zhou Yu in the following Battle of Red Cliffs.
==Fraternal strife==
Although Liu Qi was Liu Biao's oldest son, his younger brother Liu Cong married better, to the niece of Lady Cai, Liu Biao's second wife. The Cai family had a powerful presence at court, including generals Cai Mao and Zhang Yun. As the Cai faction gained influence, they put pressure on Liu Biao to make Liu Cong his heir.〔''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', chapter 6, p. 213〕〔''Generals of the South'', p. 241 ((chapter 4 ))〕 Following the death of Huang Zu after the Battle of Jiangxia in 208, Liu Qi was appointed Administrator of Jiangxia (present-day Yunmeng County, Hubei), about 250 km southeast of Jing Province's capital in Xiangyang. Sources differ on whether Liu Qi requested this appointment to escape the fraternal conflict or was forced out of the capital by the Cai clan.〔Liu Biao's biography in Records of the Three Kingdoms stated Liu Qi was forced out of the capital (chapter 6, p. 213); the biography of Zhuge Liang in the same work claims Liu Qi requested the appointment after a highly secretive yet diligently recorded meeting with Zhuge Liang (chapter 35, p. 914). This later account is followed by the ''Book of the Later Han'' (chapter 74, p. 2423) and ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (chapter 65, pp 2081–2).〕 In any case he seems to have been tasked with a counterattack against the forces of Sun Quan, who now held the area.〔''History of Chinese Warfare'', 4:120〕
Shortly after Liu Qi's move to Jiangxia, his father Liu Biao died suddenly〔''Records of Three Kingdoms'' chapter 35, p. 914. An annotation by Pei Songzhi in volume 6 of ''Records of Three Kingdoms'' (p. 214) quotes Yu Huan's ''Dianlüe'' (典略) claiming Liu Biao had been sick for some time, and Liu Qi was denied entrance to see his father by his brother's political allies. ''Book of the Later Han'' (chapter 74, p. 2423) and ''Zizhi Tongjian'' (chapter 65, p. 2082) follow this.〕 and Liu Cong succeeded him as Governor of Jing Province.〔In many sources, Liu Qi apparently discovered his brother's succession when he received the seal of a marquis from him. Infuriated, he threw it to the ground (''Book of the Later Han'' chapter 74, p. 2424; ''Zizhi Tongjian'' chapter 65, p. 2082).〕 Liu Qi henceforth treated Liu Cong like an enemy, and may have attacked him had not it not been for the arrival of Cao Cao's army.
Cao Cao's army arrived from the north, not far from Liu Cong's capital of Xiangyang. Liu Qi fled south across the Yangtze.〔''Book of the Later Han'' chapter 74, p. 2424〕 Lacking the numbers and political support to wage war with Cao Cao, Liu Cong took the advice of 15 of his senior advisors and surrendered his country to Cao Cao.〔''Generals of the South'', p. 242〕 Not long after this, Liu Bei, somewhat in extremis after his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Changban, crossed the Han River into Jiangxia with some dozens of close associates and met up with Liu Qi.〔''Records of Three Kingdoms'' chapter 32, p. 898〕 Liu Qi took his army and escorted Liu Bei back over the Han to collect Liu Bei's forces that had scattered after the Battle of Changban.〔''History of Chinese Warfare'' 4:121〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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